Eakins and Eakins - 1976
In seven university faculty meetings, the men spoke for longer. the men's turns ranged from 10.66 to 17.07 seconds, the women's from 3 to 10 seconds.


Edelsky - 1981
In a series of meetings of a university department faculty committee, men took more and longer turns and did more and longer turns and did more joking, arguing, directing and soliciting of responses during the more structured segments of meetings. During the 'free-for'all' parts of the meetings, women and men talked equally, and women joked, argued, directed, and solicited responses more than men.


Herbert & Straight - 1989
Compliments tend to flow from those of a higher rank to those of a lower rank.


Herring - 1992
In an email discussion which took place on a linguistiucs 'distribution list', five women and 30 men took part, even though women make up nearly half the members of the Linguistic Society of America and nearly 36% of subscribers to the list. Men's messages were twice as long, on average,as women's.
Women tended to use  a personal voice, e.g 'I am intrigued by your comment....'. The tone adopted by the men who dominated the discussion was assertive: 'it is obvious that..'.


Holmes - 1998
Women managers seem to be more likely to negotiate consensus than male managers, they are less likely to just 'plough through the agenda', taking time to make sure everyone genuinely agrees with what's been decided.


Holmes (2005), Holmes and Marra (2002)
Contrary to popular belief, women use just as much humour as men, and use it for the same functions, to control discourse and subordinates and to contest superiors, although they are more likely to encourage supportive and collaborative humour.


Hornyack- 1994 
The shift from work talk to personal talk is always initiated by the highest- ranking person in the room.

Tracy and Eisenberg-1990/91
When role-playing delivering criticism to a co-worker about errors in a business letter, men showed more concern for the feelings of the person they were criticizing when in the subordinate role, while women showed more concern when in the superior role.